Depending on the airfoil, the angle between the wing chord line and the horizontal stabilizer chord line will be between zero and a few degrees, with the wing more positive, or nose-up, than the tail. Often the designer will show a reference line, or datum, on plans. Many ARF kits lack this nicety. The airflow, as it passes the wing, is affected by the action of lift so that the flow rotates in the nose-up direction. This imparts an airspeed-dependent nose-down reaction torque to the airframe.